In this study, a new red pigment with good thermal and chemical resistance has been synthesized by solution combustion method. By substituting choromium ions in aluminium ion sites in YAlO3 perovskite structure and synthesis the YAl1-yCryO3 (y=0.01-0.1) solid solution, can provide red color. In the first step, effect of various mineralizers on YAlO3 formation has been investigated. Then effect of the doped choromium amount on the pigment color was studied. Latter, thermal stability and chemical resistance of synthesized pigment were investigated. Results showed that the most appropriate mineralizer system for the formation of YAlO3 perovskite was NaF:MgF2:Li2CO3 (3:2:1 by weight). Calcination at 1400oC for 4 hr is the best condition for preparation of pigments with suitable color. The highest redness (a*) has been obtained when y was 0.03 (YAl0.97Cr0.03O3). Application of the prepared red pigment in low and high temperature glazes, demonstrated high chemical and thermal stability.

VENARCH Manganese Mine is located about 30 Km from south–east of Qom city Volcano–clastic rocks of middle to upper Eocene age make up major outcrops of the region. Sedimentary rocks of Oligo-Miocene age overlie previous rocks, Red earth is found with manganese in the majority of manganese mines of which the most important are Darband & Doctor mines. Their probable reserves are 5760 and 1920 thousand tons. We took Samples were taken from these mines and XRF, XRD studies and microscopic studies were carried out to identify their chemical and physical properties.Dry and Wet sieve and scrubbing analysis were carried out on the samples and in order to decrease the cost and time of project the number of tests was done based on Taguchi method. The concentration of the raw material is increased about 20 percent and a pigment with 70% Fe2O3 was obtained. At least oil absorbtion, covering power and coloured tests carried out. The results show that the pigment has adequate quality.

Monascus is one of the fungi that can be used to produce red pigments with food grades. In this study, Monascus purpureus ATCC 16362 was used to produce red pigments in date waste substrates, using submerged fermentation. Response surface methodology was used to optimize three significant factors of date waste sugar concentration (20-60 g. l-1-1 ), NaCl (6-12 g. l ) and initial pH (6-9). The, effects of independent variables on red pigment and biomass content were assessed. Concentrations of 20 g. l-1 date waste sugar and 6 -1 g. l NaCl and pH 9 resulted in the maximum yield of red pigments of 6. 05+0. 04 AU. ml-1 and biomass of 7. 2 g. l-1. Furthermore, substrate conversion, yield of red Monascus pigments on biomass and the volumetric productivity included 82%, 10. 42 AU pigment g-1 biomass and 5. 36 g. l-1-1. day, respectively. Therefore, from the results of this study, date waste can be used as a low-cost substrate for the production of red pigments in largescale studies.

Background and Objectives: Industrial wastewater and water contaminated chemicals are released into the environment and, as a result, contamination of the soil is adsorbed and contaminated with limited resources, cause production of harmful and unhealthy products for health. One of the best ways to remove organic pollutants from contaminated water is by adsorption. The purpose of this study is to remove phenol pigment from aqueous solutions by magnetic nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by the sedimentation method and simultaneously reconstructed Fe+3 / Fe+2 ions with a ratio of 2 to 1 with NaOH in aqueous solution under nitrogen atmosphere and identified by IR, SEM and XRD methods. To determine the maximum phenol red absorption wavelength concentration, the UV-VIS spectrophotometer was evaluated in the wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm, with a maximum phenol-red wavelength of 431 nm. The phenol red adsorption on Fe3O4 nanoparticles was evaluated in a discontinuous medium. The parameters studied in this study included the initial values of nanoparticles (0. 005, 0. 01, 0. 015 and 0. 02 g), phenol red primary concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/l), primary pH (1, 4, 7, 9 and 12), contact time (5 to 40 minutes) and nano-adsorbent desorption process. Langmuir two-parameter adsorption isotherm models, Freundlich and Tempkin were studied. Experimental comparisons were studied with pseudo-first kinetic models, pseudo-second-order and inter-particle influences. The effect of temperature on the adsorption process was investigated by investigating the thermodynamic constants of the adsorption process including Gibbs free energy (Δ G0), change in entropy (Δ S0) and enthalpy change (Δ H0) at temperatures of 293, 300, 305 and 310 K. Results: By increasing and decreasing pH from 7, the phenol red removal rate was increased. Increasing the phenol red adsorption in low and high pHs relative to neutral pH is due to the conversion of pollutant to ion, which increases the adsorption of phenol red contamination on nano-adsorbent. The adsorption takes after 30 minutes to equilibrium. The maximum adsorption capacity occurs at 30 mg/L of the contaminant in the presence of 0. 01 mg/l of the adsorbent and at 20 ° C and at pH= 7. Due to the process heat-up, the increase in temperature increases the amount of adsorption. It is observed that when temperature increases the amount of adsorption will increase. The Freundlich isotherm is in better agreement with experimental data. The pseudo-second-order model with a correlation coefficient of 0. 9999 and a speed constant of 0. 0202 is the best kinetic model describing the adsorption process. The values of the thermodynamic constants Δ H0 and Δ S0 are 278. 89 kJ / mol and 288. 38 j / k. mol, respectively that indicate that the adsorption process is endothermic and an increase in ambient temperature at the solid-liquid interface during absorption. The negative Δ G0 indicates that the adsorption process is spontaneous. Conclusion: Magnetite nano-adsorbent can be used as an appropriate adsorbent to remove phenolic contaminants from polluted aqueous solutions and industrial wastewater before releasing into the environment.

polymorphism is difined as different crystalline phases with the same chemical structure. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives, as the innovative heterocyclic pigments, follow this pattern and most of times exist in two crystalline forms of alpha and beta with various application in different industries. Herein, synthesis of 3, 6-Bis (4-chlorophenyl) -2, 5-dihydropyrrolo [3, 4-c] pyrrole-1,4-dione called Pigment Red 254 (PR 254) with selected crystalline phase using ionic liquids was achieved without any further need to conventional methods for crystalline phase separation after synthesis. Observed different physical properties such as melting points and color properties of the obtained pigment (PR 254 in/and 0 crystalline phases) are clarified.

In this Paper, at first Pigment Red 3 was synthesized and then treated chemically. The treated pigment Showed very good dispersibility and dispersion stability in aqueous media surface chemistry and shape of the pigment were affected by chemical treatments. A Sulfonating agent was used to treat the pigment surface. The chemical reaction was taken place between pigment particles and sulfonating agent. The effect of temperature, reaction time, solvent/pigment ratio and acid/pigment ratio were examined on the pigment performance. In this study experimental design was considered by taguchi method. Uv visible Spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Densiometry, Turbidiometry and measurement of pH were studied in order to identify pigment properties. Finally with regard to results of inherent properties of each sample, optimum samples were selected for use to in water base media. Also according to the results of Analysis of variance, the effect of each independent parameter on studied properties was considered.

In chemical reaction engineering viewpoint, kinetic study is essential for design and optimization of chemical process and their intermediates. Kinetic parameters are utilized to scale-up of laboratorial experimental results to industrial scale data. Herein, kinetic study of Pigment Red 254 synthesis procedure in ionic liquid media has been studied. The produced pigment was followed by UV-Vis spectra during the reaction. Reaction rate equations were derived from integral method. The results confirm that the reaction has concurrence to micro-kinetics with shift order reaction.